Industri Farmasi sebagai Penggerak Ketahanan Nasional: Tinjauan Kritis atas Peran Produksi, Distribusi, dan Inovasi dalam Sistem Kesehatan
Keywords:
Industri farmasi, ketahanan nasional, rantai pasok farmasi, distribusi obat, akses kesehatanAbstract
Ketersediaan obat yang aman, bermutu, dan terjangkau merupakan faktor utama dalam menjaga ketahanan nasional di bidang kesehatan. Kondisi pandemi COVID-19 menyoroti tingginya ketergantungan Indonesia, terhadap impor bahan baku obat yang mencapai angka 90-95%, sehingga menyebabkan sistem farmasi nasional rentan terhadap gangguan global. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi peran industri farmasi dalam memperkuat ketahanan nasional serta mengidentifikasi peluang dan hambaatan dalam upaya mewujudkan kemandirian farmasi. Metode yang digunakan adalah narrative review berdasarkan analisis literatur dari berbagai publikasi ilmiah nasional dan internasional. Temuan menunjukkan bahwa industri farmasi berkontribusi melalui produksi obat generik, vaksin, biosimilar, dan produk herbal terstandar, disertai penerapan standar mutu seperti CPOB dan penguatan sistem distribusi. Namun, ketergantungan besar terhadap bahan baku impor, kapasitas riset yang terbatas, dan rantai pasok yang belum optimal masih menjadi tantangan signifikan. Secara keseluruhan, diperlukan pengembangan bahan baku dalam negeri, peningkatan riset dan inovasi, digitalisasi proses, serta kolaborasi antarsektor untuk membangun industri farmasi yang lebih mandiri dan mampu menjaga stabilitas sistem kesehatan nasional.
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